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Form Builder - Fields

Builder

Overview

Similar to a repeater, the builder component allows you to output a JSON array of repeated form components. Unlike the repeater, which only defines one form schema to repeat, the builder allows you to define different schema "blocks", which you can repeat in any order. This makes it useful for building more advanced array structures.

The primary use of the builder component is to build web page content using predefined blocks. This could be content for a marketing website, or maybe even fields in an online form. The example below defines multiple blocks for different elements in the page content. On the frontend of your website, you could loop through each block in the JSON and format it how you wish.

use Filament\Forms\Components\Builder;
use Filament\Forms\Components\FileUpload;
use Filament\Forms\Components\Select;
use Filament\Forms\Components\Textarea;
use Filament\Forms\Components\TextInput;
 
Builder::make('content')
    ->blocks([
        Builder\Block::make('heading')
            ->schema([
                TextInput::make('content')
                    ->label('Heading')
                    ->required(),
                Select::make('level')
                    ->options([
                        'h1' => 'Heading 1',
                        'h2' => 'Heading 2',
                        'h3' => 'Heading 3',
                        'h4' => 'Heading 4',
                        'h5' => 'Heading 5',
                        'h6' => 'Heading 6',
                    ])
                    ->required(),
            ])
            ->columns(2),
        Builder\Block::make('paragraph')
            ->schema([
                Textarea::make('content')
                    ->label('Paragraph')
                    ->required(),
            ]),
        Builder\Block::make('image')
            ->schema([
                FileUpload::make('url')
                    ->label('Image')
                    ->image()
                    ->required(),
                TextInput::make('alt')
                    ->label('Alt text')
                    ->required(),
            ]),
    ])
Builder

We recommend that you store builder data with a JSON column in your database. Additionally, if you're using Eloquent, make sure that column has an array cast.

As evident in the above example, blocks can be defined within the blocks() method of the component. Blocks are Builder\Block objects, and require a unique name, and a component schema:

use Filament\Forms\Components\Builder;
use Filament\Forms\Components\TextInput;
 
Builder::make('content')
    ->blocks([
        Builder\Block::make('heading')
            ->schema([
                TextInput::make('content')->required(),
                // ...
            ]),
        // ...
    ])

Setting a block's label

By default, the label of the block will be automatically determined based on its name. To override the block's label, you may use the label() method. Customizing the label in this way is useful if you wish to use a translation string for localization:

use Filament\Forms\Components\Builder;
 
Builder\Block::make('heading')
    ->label(__('blocks.heading'))

Labelling builder items based on their content

You may add a label for a builder item using the same label() method. This method accepts a closure that receives the item's data in a $state variable. If $state is null, you should return the block label that should be displayed in the block picker. Otherwise, you should return a string to be used as the item label:

use Filament\Forms\Components\Builder;
use Filament\Forms\Components\TextInput;
 
Builder\Block::make('heading')
    ->schema([
        TextInput::make('content')
            ->live(onBlur: true)
            ->required(),
        // ...
    ])
    ->label(function (?array $state): string {
        if ($state === null) {
            return 'Heading';
        }
 
        return $state['content'] ?? 'Untitled heading';
    })

Any fields that you use from $state should be live() if you wish to see the item label update live as you use the form.

Builder with labelled blocks based on the content

Numbering builder items

By default, items in the builder have a number next to their label. You may disable this using the blockNumbers(false) method:

use Filament\Forms\Components\Builder;
 
Builder::make('content')
    ->blocks([
        // ...
    ])
    ->blockNumbers(false)

Setting a block's icon

Blocks may also have an icon, which is displayed next to the label. You can add an icon by passing its name to the icon() method:

use Filament\Forms\Components\Builder;
 
Builder\Block::make('paragraph')
    ->icon('heroicon-m-bars-3-bottom-left')
Builder with block icons in the dropdown

Adding icons to the header of blocks

By default, blocks in the builder don't have an icon next to the header label, just in the dropdown to add new blocks. You may enable this using the blockIcons() method:

use Filament\Forms\Components\Builder;
 
Builder::make('content')
    ->blocks([
        // ...
    ])
    ->blockIcons()

Adding items

An action button is displayed below the builder to allow the user to add a new item.

Setting the add action button's label

You may set a label to customize the text that should be displayed in the button for adding a builder item, using the addActionLabel() method:

use Filament\Forms\Components\Builder;
 
Builder::make('content')
    ->blocks([
        // ...
    ])
    ->addActionLabel('Add a new block')

Aligning the add action button

By default, the add action is aligned in the center. You may adjust this using the addActionAlignment() method, passing an Alignment option of Alignment::Start or Alignment::End:

use Filament\Forms\Components\Builder;
use Filament\Support\Enums\Alignment;
 
Builder::make('content')
    ->schema([
        // ...
    ])
    ->addActionAlignment(Alignment::Start)

Preventing the user from adding items

You may prevent the user from adding items to the builder using the addable(false) method:

use Filament\Forms\Components\Builder;
 
Builder::make('content')
    ->blocks([
        // ...
    ])
    ->addable(false)

Deleting items

An action button is displayed on each item to allow the user to delete it.

Preventing the user from deleting items

You may prevent the user from deleting items from the builder using the deletable(false) method:

use Filament\Forms\Components\Builder;
 
Builder::make('content')
    ->blocks([
        // ...
    ])
    ->deletable(false)

Reordering items

A button is displayed on each item to allow the user to drag and drop to reorder it in the list.

Preventing the user from reordering items

You may prevent the user from reordering items from the builder using the reorderable(false) method:

use Filament\Forms\Components\Builder;
 
Builder::make('content')
    ->blocks([
        // ...
    ])
    ->reorderable(false)

Reordering items with buttons

You may use the reorderableWithButtons() method to enable reordering items with buttons to move the item up and down:

use Filament\Forms\Components\Builder;
 
Builder::make('content')
    ->blocks([
        // ...
    ])
    ->reorderableWithButtons()
Builder that is reorderable with buttons

Preventing reordering with drag and drop

You may use the reorderableWithDragAndDrop(false) method to prevent items from being ordered with drag and drop:

use Filament\Forms\Components\Builder;
 
Builder::make('content')
    ->blocks([
        // ...
    ])
    ->reorderableWithDragAndDrop(false)

Collapsing items

The builder may be collapsible() to optionally hide content in long forms:

use Filament\Forms\Components\Builder;
 
Builder::make('content')
    ->blocks([
        // ...
    ])
    ->collapsible()

You may also collapse all items by default:

use Filament\Forms\Components\Builder;
 
Builder::make('content')
    ->blocks([
        // ...
    ])
    ->collapsed()
Collapsed builder

Cloning items

You may allow builder items to be duplicated using the cloneable() method:

use Filament\Forms\Components\Builder;
 
Builder::make('content')
    ->blocks([
        // ...
    ])
    ->cloneable()
Builder repeater

Customizing the block picker

Changing the number of columns in the block picker

The block picker has only 1 column. You may customize it by passing a number of columns to blockPickerColumns():

use Filament\Forms\Components\Builder;
 
Builder::make()
    ->blockPickerColumns(2)
    ->blocks([
        // ...
    ])

This method can be used in a couple of different ways:

  • You can pass an integer like blockPickerColumns(2). This integer is the number of columns used on the lg breakpoint and higher. All smaller devices will have just 1 column.
  • You can pass an array, where the key is the breakpoint and the value is the number of columns. For example, blockPickerColumns(['md' => 2, 'xl' => 4]) will create a 2 column layout on medium devices, and a 4 column layout on extra large devices. The default breakpoint for smaller devices uses 1 column, unless you use a default array key.

Breakpoints (sm, md, lg, xl, 2xl) are defined by Tailwind, and can be found in the Tailwind documentation.

Increasing the width of the block picker

When you increase the number of columns, the width of the dropdown should increase incrementally to handle the additional columns. If you'd like more control, you can manually set a maximum width for the dropdown using the blockPickerWidth() method. Options correspond to Tailwind's max-width scale. The options are xs, sm, md, lg, xl, 2xl, 3xl, 4xl, 5xl, 6xl, 7xl:

use Filament\Forms\Components\Builder;
 
Builder::make()
    ->blockPickerColumns(3)
    ->blockPickerWidth('2xl')
    ->blocks([
        // ...
    ])

Limiting the number of times a block can be used

By default, each block can be used in the builder an unlimited number of times. You may limit this using the maxItems() method on a block:

use Filament\Forms\Components\Builder;
 
Builder\Block::make('heading')
    ->schema([
        // ...
    ])
    ->maxItems(1)

Builder validation

As well as all rules listed on the validation page, there are additional rules that are specific to builders.

Number of items validation

You can validate the minimum and maximum number of items that you can have in a builder by setting the minItems() and maxItems() methods:

use Filament\Forms\Components\Builder;
 
Builder::make('content')
    ->blocks([
        // ...
    ])
    ->minItems(1)
    ->maxItems(5)

Using $get() to access parent field values

All form components are able to use $get() and $set() to access another field's value. However, you might experience unexpected behavior when using this inside the builder's schema.

This is because $get() and $set(), by default, are scoped to the current builder item. This means that you are able to interact with another field inside that builder item easily without knowing which builder item the current form component belongs to.

The consequence of this is that you may be confused when you are unable to interact with a field outside the builder. We use ../ syntax to solve this problem - $get('../../parent_field_name').

Consider your form has this data structure:

[
    'client_id' => 1,
 
    'builder' => [
        'item1' => [
            'service_id' => 2,
        ],
    ],
]

You are trying to retrieve the value of client_id from inside the builder item.

$get() is relative to the current builder item, so $get('client_id') is looking for $get('builder.item1.client_id').

You can use ../ to go up a level in the data structure, so $get('../client_id') is $get('builder.client_id') and $get('../../client_id') is $get('client_id').

The special case of $get() with no arguments, or $get('') or $get('./'), will always return the full data array for the current builder item.

Customizing the builder item actions

This field uses action objects for easy customization of buttons within it. You can customize these buttons by passing a function to an action registration method. The function has access to the $action object, which you can use to customize it. The following methods are available to customize the actions:

  • addAction()
  • addBetweenAction()
  • cloneAction()
  • collapseAction()
  • collapseAllAction()
  • deleteAction()
  • expandAction()
  • expandAllAction()
  • moveDownAction()
  • moveUpAction()
  • reorderAction()

Here is an example of how you might customize an action:

use Filament\Forms\Components\Actions\Action;
use Filament\Forms\Components\Builder;
 
Builder::make('content')
    ->blocks([
        // ...
    ])
    ->collapseAllAction(
        fn (Action $action) => $action->label('Collapse all content'),
    )

Confirming builder actions with a modal

You can confirm actions with a modal by using the requiresConfirmation() method on the action object. You may use any modal customization method to change its content and behavior:

use Filament\Forms\Components\Actions\Action;
use Filament\Forms\Components\Builder;
 
Builder::make('content')
    ->blocks([
        // ...
    ])
    ->deleteAction(
        fn (Action $action) => $action->requiresConfirmation(),
    )

The addAction(), addBetweenAction(), collapseAction(), collapseAllAction(), expandAction(), expandAllAction() and reorderAction() methods do not support confirmation modals, as clicking their buttons does not make the network request that is required to show the modal.

Adding extra item actions to a builder

You may add new action buttons to the header of each builder item by passing Action objects into extraItemActions():

use Filament\Forms\Components\Actions\Action;
use Filament\Forms\Components\Builder;
use Filament\Forms\Components\TextInput;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Mail;
 
Builder::make('content')
    ->blocks([
        Builder\Block::make('contactDetails')
            ->schema([
                TextInput::make('email')
                    ->label('Email address')
                    ->email()
                    ->required(),
                // ...
            ]),
        // ...
    ])
    ->extraItemActions([
        Action::make('sendEmail')
            ->icon('heroicon-m-square-2-stack')
            ->action(function (array $arguments, Builder $component): void {
                $itemData = $component->getItemState($arguments['item']);
                
                Mail::to($itemData['email'])
                    ->send(
                        // ...
                    );
            }),
    ])

In this example, $arguments['item'] gives you the ID of the current builder item. You can validate the data in that builder item using the getItemState() method on the builder component. This method returns the validated data for the item. If the item is not valid, it will cancel the action and show an error message for that item in the form.

If you want to get the raw data from the current item without validating it, you can use $component->getRawItemState($arguments['item']) instead.

If you want to manipulate the raw data for the entire builder, for example, to add, remove or modify items, you can use $component->getState() to get the data, and $component->state($state) to set it again:

use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 
// Get the raw data for the entire builder
$state = $component->getState();
 
// Add an item, with a random UUID as the key
$state[Str::uuid()] = [
    'type' => 'contactDetails',
    'data' => [
        'email' => auth()->user()->email,
    ],
];
 
// Set the new data for the builder
$component->state($state);

Previewing blocks

If you prefer to render read-only previews in the builder instead of the blocks' forms, you can use the blockPreviews() method. This will render each block's preview() instead of the form. Block data will be passed to the preview Blade view in a variable with the same name:

use Filament\Forms\Components\Builder;
use Filament\Forms\Components\Builder\Block;
use Filament\Forms\Components\TextInput;
 
Builder::make('content')
    ->blockPreviews()
    ->blocks([
        Block::make('heading')
            ->schema([
                TextInput::make('text')
                    ->placeholder('Default heading'),
            ])
            ->preview('filament.content.block-previews.heading'),
    ])

In /resources/views/filament/content/block-previews/heading.blade.php, you can access the block data like so:

<h1>
    {{ $text ?? 'Default heading' }}
</h1>

Interactive block previews

By default, preview content is not interactive, and clicking it will open the Edit modal for that block to manage its settings. If you have links and buttons that you'd like to remain interactive in the block previews, you can use the areInteractive: true argument of the blockPreviews() method:

use Filament\Forms\Components\Builder;
 
Builder::make('content')
    ->blockPreviews(areInteractive: true)
    ->blocks([
        //
    ])

Testing builders

Internally, builders generate UUIDs for items to keep track of them in the Livewire HTML easier. This means that when you are testing a form with a builder, you need to ensure that the UUIDs are consistent between the form and the test. This can be tricky, and if you don't do it correctly, your tests can fail as the tests are expecting a UUID, not a numeric key.

However, since Livewire doesn't need to keep track of the UUIDs in a test, you can disable the UUID generation and replace them with numeric keys, using the Builder::fake() method at the start of your test:

use Filament\Forms\Components\Builder;
use function Pest\Livewire\livewire;
 
$undoBuilderFake = Builder::fake();
 
livewire(EditPost::class, ['record' => $post])
    ->assertFormSet([
        'content' => [
            [
                'type' => 'heading',
                'data' => [
                    'content' => 'Hello, world!',
                    'level' => 'h1',
                ],
            ],
            [
                'type' => 'paragraph',
                'data' => [
                    'content' => 'This is a test post.',
                ],
            ],
        ],
        // ...
    ]);
 
$undoBuilderFake();

You may also find it useful to access test the number of items in a repeater by passing a function to the assertFormSet() method:

use Filament\Forms\Components\Builder;
use function Pest\Livewire\livewire;
 
$undoBuilderFake = Builder::fake();
 
livewire(EditPost::class, ['record' => $post])
    ->assertFormSet(function (array $state) {
        expect($state['content'])
            ->toHaveCount(2);
    });
 
$undoBuilderFake();
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